Decontamination is a complex of measures permanently applied to destroy harmful rodents and keep them at a low numerical level. In addition to the material damage it causes, rodents (mice and rats) pose a special health hazard. Often, in some regions, most of the contagious diseases such as food poisoning, leptospirosis, trichinylosis, brucellosis, viral gastroenteritis, foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax and other less serious diseases are transmitted by rats and mice. To master these rodents we need to know their way of life, and according to the researchers, mice and rats are the most numerous and widespread mammals, representing a third of the world’s fauna.